Semaglutide is an injectable prescription medication used to improve blood sugar control in adults with type 2 diabetes. It belongs to a class of drugs called GLP-1 receptor agonists that work by mimicking a hormone called glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Semaglutide helps the pancreas release more insulin when blood sugar is high, decreases food cravings, slows digestion to reduce blood sugar spikes after meals, and may protect beta cells in the pancreas which produce insulin.
In clinical trials, semaglutide has shown impressive benefits in lowering A1c (average blood sugar over 2-3 months), promoting weight loss, and reducing the risk of major cardiovascular problems like stroke and heart attack in people with type 2 diabetes at high risk for heart disease. Beyond glucose control, semaglutide may also improve fatty liver disease, lower blood pressure and bad cholesterol, and enhance overall quality of life related to diabetes management.
Like other GLP-1 drugs, the most common side effects of semaglutide are mild-to-moderate stomach problems like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, abdominal pain, bloating, or loss of appetite especially when first starting treatment. These typically resolve within 4-8 weeks. Injection site reactions like bruising, pain, redness may also occur. Tell your doctor if side effects are severe or don't go away.
Semaglutide comes in a prefilled pen device meant for self-injection under skin of stomach, thigh, or upper arm. It is taken once weekly anytime of day without regards to meals. Alternate injection sites each week to minimize irritation or hard lumps under skin. Properly store pens in fridge until first use then room temperature. Follow prescription instructions closely when injecting each dose.
Tell your doctor if you have a history of diabetic retinopathy, thyroid cancer, pancreatitis, severe GI disease, or are pregnant, planning pregnancy, or breastfeeding to discuss risks. Semaglutide is not recommended in people with severe kidney disease due to lack of safety data. Do not use semaglutide pens past expiration date or if solution appears cloudy or colored as effectiveness may be reduced. Seek medical care if you experience symptoms of pancreatitis like severe stomach pain with or without vomiting.
